Cum se calculeaza viteza luminii in experimentul Michelson-Morley

 Pentru a calcula viteza observata a luminii în experimentul MM, trebuie să înmulțim frecvența observată cu lungimea de undă observată. Deoarece observatorul se misca odata cu sursa de lumina, nu există nici o deplasare Doppler a frecvenței și nici a lungimii de undă. Viteza observata a undei este prin urmare: 


f lambda = c (în vid, în aer e c/n). 

Acesta este calculul corect folosind fizica clasică a undelor, din care rezulta o viteză invariantă a luminii fără nici o transformare Lorentz.

Calculul incorect e cand aplicam transformarea galileana undei, si compunem viteza luminii cu viteza pamantului ca si cum ar fi o particula. Culmea e ca, chiar si daca lumina ar fi o particula, si sursa ei ar fi Pamant, viteza ei nu s-ar compune cu cea a Pamantului decat pentru un observator situat in cadrul de referinta al Soarelui ! Observatorii situati in cadrul de referinta al Pamantului nu vor putea masura o viteza diferita a particulei de lumina in diferite directii. Asa cum nu pot masura o viteza diferita a unui glont tras in directii opuse. Viteza glontului nu se aduna cu viteza Pamantului pentru un observator de pe pamant, pentru ca sunt in acelasi sistem de referinta. Un alt exemplu ar fi o minge aruncata intr-un tren in miscare in directii opuse cu aceeasi viteza. Observatorul din tren va masura aceeasi viteza a mingii in ambele directii. Doar un observator de pe peron va masura o viteza a mingii compusa cu cea a trenului. Deci fizicienii care isi imaginau lumina ca pe o microminge sau particula nu aplicau in mod corect nici macar relativitatea galileana atunci cand compuneau viteza luminii cu viteza pamantului pentru un observator de pe pamant, calculand o viteza variabila a acesteia. Practic calculau totul pe dos, si apoi se mirau de ce experimentele nu le confirma calculele.

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